The individuals listed below have a FINRA bar in effect, which means FINRA has permanently prohibited them from association with any member in any capacity. The list comprises individuals who were associated with a FINRA registered firm on or after FINRA launched Web CRD on August 16, 1999. Where indicated, individuals on this list have appealed FINRA's final action to the SEC or, in the case of a final order of the SEC sustaining FINRA's action, to the courts; thus, the findings and sanctions of FINRA in those instances are subject to review and modification by the SEC or the courts.