See full version: The Spirit of Issimom‐ism
1. If General Chiang Kai‐shek and General Francisco Franco became Generalissimo Chiang Kai‐shek and Generalissimo Francisco Franco after they became dictators, why didn't Colonel George Papadopoulos become Colonelissimo George Papadopoulos after he became dictator of Greece?
9. If Representative Ford became Representativissimo Ford for getting the White House door prize, would Spiro Agnew be able to revise the record and become Spirissimo Agnew? [links]
12. If a priest convicted of sending a letter from inside a prison could become a fatherissimo, and a Vice President convicted of income‐tax evasion could not only get equal time on television but also become a Spirissimo, and a Congressman who won the White House door prize could become a Representativissimo, could President Nixon become Presidentissimo Richardissimo Milhousissimo Nixonissimo?
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It's arguable that fortissimo should be italicised as a foreign word. However you say that the writer elsewhere chose to use italics for musical titles, and she may have felt that to also use it for fortissimo would be confusing. Fortissimo is well-used enough to be considered an English word.
I have a piece of writing about an orchestra, a choir and a conductor. In the piece are numerous Italian words.
Singing fortissimo for a "Dies Irae" was tremendous therapy.
Dies Irae might well be, and often is, the title of a piece of music. You might write "Mozart's Dies Irae" and use italics to indicate the title. However here "Dies Irae" is not being used as a title - it is being used to refer to a particular kind of musical composition. Talking about "a 'Dies Irae'" indicates this. As such it wouldn't deserve italics. Almost invariably those pieces have the title Dies Irae, so italics might be justified - however again, having used italics specifically for a title elsewhere, the author might decide using them here might be confusing. The author might still want to separate the 'Dies Irae' from the rest of the text, so quotes is justifiable.
So, I am confused as to which of these should be in quotation marks and which ones should be in italics. Do the rules change when there is more than one instance that should be either italics or quotation marks, just for clarity? here
There are two reasons for italics relevant to us now. 1. Titles and 2. foreign words used as if they were English. Likewise there are two possibly relevant reasons for quote marks: 1. direct quote and 2. reference to the words themselves rather than the concept they represent.