In 1898 Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini began work on a "ladder" foil system. Granted patents in both the USA and the UK, he developed a prototype and tested it on Lake Maggiore soon after. John Thornycroft, a British boat designer, followed up Forlanini’s work with a series of scale models that used stepped hulls and a single foil. By 1909 he had a full-scale 22 ft prototype up and running.