In the mid to late '60s the Boating Industry of America (BIA), the forerunner of the NMMA, set the standards and procedures for outboard horsepower ratings that each manufacturer abided by. Representatives of each company would visit and oversee the test results of 3 production powerheads. This was powerhead horsepower only and the motors were run on 20:1 mix, not 50:1.<br /><br />Forktail is pretty close on the gearcase loss figures. Actually, if I remember correctly, it was only a few percentage points more, allowing for the oil viscosity, but not near 10% on large outboards. On the small motors, the percentage of loss was higher. more