See full version: Northwest Passage Across Northern Canada
If the Northwest Passage becomes a viable transportation option through the reduction of Arctic ice, the size of ships that will be able to utilize the Northwest Passage will be much larger than those that can pass through the Panama Canal, called Panamax-sized ships.
While Canada considers the Northwest Passage to be entirely within Canadian territorial waters and has been in control of the region since the 1880s, the United States and other countries argue that the route is in international waters and travel should be free and unhampered through the Northwest Passage. Both Canada and the United States announced in 2007 of their desires to increase their military presence in the Northwest Passage.
The Northwest Passage consists of a series of very deep channels that wind through Canada's Arctic Islands. The Northwest Passage is about 900 miles (1450 km) long. Using the passage instead of the Panama Canal can cut thousands of miles off of a sea journey between Europe and Asia. Unfortunately, the Northwest Passage is about 500 miles (800 km) north of the Arctic Circle and is covered by ice sheets and icebergs much of the time. Some speculate, however, that if global warming continues the Northwest Passage might be a viable transportation route for ships. [links]
All attempts over the next few centuries to find the Northwest Passage failed. Sir Frances Drake and Captain James Cook, among others, attempted the exploration. Henry Hudson attempted to find the Northwest Passage and while he did discover Hudson Bay, has crew mutinied and set him adrift. here
In the mid-1400s, the Ottoman Turks took control of the Middle East. This prevented the European powers from traveling to Asia via land routes and so it spurred interest in a water route to Asia. The first to attempt such a voyage was Christopher Columbus in 1492. In 1497, King Henry VII of Britain sent John Cabot to search for what began to be known as the Northwest Passage (as named by the British). here
Finally, in 1906 Roald Amundsen from Norway successfully spent three years traversing the Northwest Passage in an ice-fortified ship. In 1944 a Royal Canadian Mounted Police sergeant made the first single-season crossing of the Northwest Passage. Since then, many ships have made the trip through the Northwest Passage.
In 1602 George Weymouth sailed a short way into Hudson Strait, and in 1610 Henry Hudson, on his last voyage, sailed the Discovery into Hudson Bay and south to James Bay, where he was forced to winter. In the spring there was a mutiny aboard; Hudson and about eight of his crew, including his young son, were set adrift in a small boat to die, while the mutineers sailed the ship home. Retribution, however, overtook the ringleaders in Hudson Strait, where they were killed by Inuit (Eskimos). The remnant that reached England in September was imprisoned; nothing was ever heard from the deserted men.
The search for the Northwest Passage may be said to have begun with the European discovery of America, for the voyages of Jacques Cartier and his successors to the St. Lawrence and John Cabot and the brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real to Newfoundland and Labrador were all undertaken with the aim of finding the passage. The first such voyage to enter the Arctic, however, was that of the English navigator Martin (later Sir Martin) Frobisher in 1576. Frobisher set out with the Gabriel and Michael and made his North American landfall on the southeast coast of Baffin Island. In the Gabriel Frobisher sailed about 60 miles (100 km) up the long inlet named for him, which he took to be a strait, and brought home a rock sample that was identified wrongly as containing gold. The Northwest Passage was forgotten, and in the next two years Frobisher made two further voyages for the sole purpose of establishing a gold mine. The last voyage was an astonishing enterprise involving 15 ships. The ships, however, were scattered by storms; at least one was sunk; and Frobisher, unable to set up his colony, loaded the remaining ships with ore and returned home, only to find that his cargo was worthless.
In the meantime, the British were also attacking the problem from the west by both sea and land. In 1819–22 and 1825–27 two expeditions under John (later Sir John) Franklin, working overland and by boat from wintering bases in the Mackenzie River basin, surveyed the coastline from Turnagain Point, about 200 miles (320 km) east of the Coppermine River, to Cape Beechey, Alaska. There Franklin almost made contact with the survey of Lieutenant Frederick William Beechey, who in 1825–26 reached Point Barrow from the west. In 1833–35 Captain George Back discovered the Back River and mapped it to its mouth in Chantrey Inlet, and in 1837–39 Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson, Hudson’s Bay Company employees, made three coastal journeys by boat, filling in the gap in the Alaska coastline left by Franklin and joining Franklin’s survey to Back’s at Chantrey Inlet. In 1847 another Hudson’s Bay Company employee, John Rae, joined Parry’s Fury and Hecla Strait survey to Ross’s survey in the Gulf of Boothia. Rae was a most remarkable traveler, far ahead of his time in adopting Inuit methods and living off the land. more
Idaho, the 14th largest and the 39th most populous state in the U.S., is also home to some of the most breathtaking landscapes. Being a mountainous state larger than all of New England, Idaho is famous for its craggy mountains, lava flows, whitewater, farms and quaint towns, and dusty back roads, some of the best backgrounds for any film production.
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Over the decades, there have been many productions shot in Idaho. You may be surprised to find out that some of your favorite classic films were filmed in the Gem State (nicknamed for the large variety of gemstone found in the state). Here is our list of the top twelve movies made in Idaho - in no particular order: more
The Northwest Passage is the circuitous sea passage, long sought by explorers, between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. Though it was eventually found through a series of discoveries, it was not completely navigated until Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (1872 – 1928) explored it between 1903 and 1906. Numerous navigators, convinced of the existence of such a passage, attempted to find it during the early years of European westward sea exploration. Though unsuccessful, their determination led to the discovery of other important locations. French sailor and explorer Jacques Cartier found the St. Lawrence River, dividing Canada and the United States, between 1534 and 1535. English commander Sir Martin Frobisher discovered Frobisher Bay off the coast of Baffin Island and north of Quebec in 1576. English navigator John Davis discovered Davis Strait between Baffin Island and Greenland in 1587. English navigator Henry Hudson found the Hudson River in eastern New York State, and Hudson Bay, the inland-sea of central Canada, between 1609 and 1611. Following centuries of efforts Amundsen finally completed the first successful navigation of the Northwest Passage in September 1906, during a journey that lasted more than three years. The hash climate, however, makes the route impractical for commercial navigation.
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By the mid-nineteenth century, it had been proven that a Northwest Passage existed, but that it would be very difficult to navigate. After his successful navigation, Amundsen graciously credited British seamen with making his accomplishment possible with their centuries of attempts to locate and navigate the passage, as well as their subsequent maps of the intricate Arctic geography. William Baffin discovered the eastern approach in 1616 in Baffin Bay, and Robert J. Le M. McClure located the passage from the west during a voyage from 1850 to 1854.