When real property is sold for less than what's owed on it, a "short sale" occurs. Real estate short sales sometimes generate questions about just who's paying what in closing costs. Typically, in real estate short sales there are three parties to the sale; the seller, the buyer and the seller's lender. Mortgage lenders must approve the short sales of their borrowers, and while they will pay sellers' closing costs, they might hesitate to pay any buyers' closing costs.