See full version: What happens if you run an engine with the choke on
Basically it can't draw enough fuel with bad Diaphragm. If the engine only runs with the choke full on it means you have a vacuum leak and the engine runs too lean with the choke off. Some times a back fire into the carburetor will blow a pressed-in BB out of a drilled passage way.
Additionally, what happens when choke is pulled? Therefore when the choke lever pulled the valve opens its lid and air inhaled through this lid. It directly sucks the fuel from bucket due to piston vacuum pressure or venture effect. It feeds this excess fuel to the regular air-fuel mixture flow before the engine intake manifold.
What happens if you leave the choke on too long?
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The choke is mainly used during winter to help with starting. The engine needs its fuel to be vaporised in order to burn it. This is done by the carburettor where the fuel is mixed with clean air coming from the air filter, and sent into the pistons to be ignited. One a cold day, the engine can need more fuel than usual to get running - this makes the mixture 'rich', and this is what the choke does.
C. use less fuel more
B. reduce braking distances
A. flatten the battery
Leaving the choke on for too long will cause unnecessary engine wear and waste fuel. This is also bad for the environment. here
D. cause much more engine wear
It will not damage the engine at all. All that will happen is that it will run richer, thus using more fuel.
If you did it for thousands of miles you'd probably end up with more deposits in the engine/exhaust, but even that is easy to sort.
But a possibly bigger problem is washing the oil from the bores, greatly increasing engine cylinder wear, and some fuel getting past the rings to dilute the oil. here